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The Music of Spain:
Renaissance through Classical Composer Spotlight Writers & Artists of the Period Historical Timeline >> Glossary of Musical Terms Back to Main Piano Project 2008 Page External Links Map of Spain with Information on Regions Spanish Renaissance Poetry Prado Museum Audio Recordings of the Music of Scarlatti & Soler
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Piano
Project 2008 GLOSSARY OF MUSICAL TERMS —Bathsheba Marcus Conley Alberti bass is a bass line accompaniment, generally in the left hand of a keyboard composition, named for Domenico Alberti. A typical Alberti bass is a four-note broken-chord pattern. Diferencia is a term for musical variations used in sixteenth century Spain. Fandango is an old Spanish dance usually in 3/4 meter with a lively tempo and dotted rhythm. As a traditional dance, the fandango is most often accompanied by guitar and castanets. Many Spanish forms developed from the fandango including the malagueña and bulerías. Jota is a Spanish dance form that has many varieties. One of the most frequently used is the jota aragonesa, which is in a fast three and generally contains triplets. Pavana is a sixteenth and seventeenth century court dance. As an instrumental composition it was most often written for keyboard instruments and lute. Originally of Italian origin, it is possible that the title derives form the Spanish pavón or peacock, indicating that the dance movements are similar to the spread of a peacock's feathers. The pavana is generally in duple meter and with two to four repeated sections. Tiento derives from the Spanish verb tentar, to try out. A musical form that developed in Spain in the fifteenth century, tientos were first written for various instruments but by the sixteenth century were written primarily for keyboard instruments, especially the organ. Tientos use imitative counterpoint of thematic material. Toccata is a musical form first applied to instrumental compositions of the sixteenth century. Usually written for keyboard instruments, toccatas generally require brilliant technique and manual dexterity. Vihuela is a string instrument closely related to the lute that developed and was popular in fifteenth and sixteenth century Spain. Villancico is a Spanish musical and poetic form first used in the late fifteenth century. The villancico has several stanzas, or coplas, accompanied by a refrain, or estribillo, at the beginning and the end of the song. The structure is ABA and the number of times the stanzas and refrain repeat varies. Zarzuela is a Spanish form of opera in which spoken dialogue is mixed with singing. The name came from the palace, La Zarzuela, outside Madrid where the first performance took place in the late 1650s. |
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